Stem duchy of the East Frankish realm and later the Holy Roman Empire, re-established in the late 9th century from an earlier Merovingian frontier duchy; passed to the House of Wittelsbach in 1180, which held it as a duchy until elevation to an electorate in 1623.
Elevated to the Electorate of Bavaria in 1623 during the Thirty Years' War, ending its formal status as a duchy (the Wittelsbachs continued to rule the successor electorate, later the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805/1806).
The atlas holds 11 border frames for Duchy of Bavaria — the shape you scrub through changes in 907 · 963 · 1025 · 1050 · 1156 · 1169 · 1240 · 1269 · 1454 · 1541 · 1570.
Standard academic account of the East Frankish stem duchies, including Bavaria's re-establishment under Carolingian decline.
Definitive modern history of the Holy Roman Empire; situates the Duchy of Bavaria within the imperial structure through its 1623 elevation to electorate.