A Norman state in southern Italy founded as a county by William of Hauteville (Iron Arm) in 1043 from former Byzantine and Lombard territory in Apulia, Campania and the Gargano; elevated to a duchy in 1059 when Robert Guiscard was invested by Pope Nicholas II at the Council of Melfi.
Merged with the County of Sicily and the other Hauteville conquests in 1130, when the last duke, Roger II, was crowned King of Sicily; 'Duke of Apulia' survived only as an occasional title for the Sicilian heir apparent.
Covers the Hauteville conquest of southern Italy and Robert Guiscard's duchy alongside the Sicilian county; no separate Apulia-and-Calabria-specific monograph verified on Open Library.