Chinese exonym for the urbanized Ferghana Valley state, likely descended from Greek colonists settled by Alexander the Great and the Achaemenids; described in the Records of the Grand Historian following Zhang Qian's 2nd-century-BCE mission.
Defeated and forced into unconditional surrender by Han China in the War of the Heavenly Horses (104-101 BCE); continued as a nominal Han tributary but faded from independent historical record afterward.
The atlas holds 3 border frames for Dayuan (Ferghana) — the shape you scrub through changes in 329 BC · 300 BC · 199 BC.
Covers the Ferghana Valley states and the Han-Dayuan war as an early episode of Silk Road contact.