Leopold II's private colony notorious for atrocities, later annexed by Belgium.
The Congo Free State was annexed by the Belgian Parliament on 15 November 1908, following an international campaign against Leopold II's atrocities, becoming the Belgian Congo.
Hochschild's history of Leopold II's Congo Free State and its atrocities.
Nzongola-Ntalaja's long history of the Congo from Leopold onward.
The canonical literary work set on a river journey into Leopold II's Congo Free State; a European colonial-perspective novella, scathingly critical of the regime's atrocities, and the work most closely and famously associated with this exact place and era.