Archaeological culture of the hillforts (castros) of northwestern Iberia — northern/central Portugal plus Galicia, Asturias and western León in Spain — running from the end of the Bronze Age to the Roman conquest; the material culture associated with the Celtic Gallaecians and Astures. Core area the Ave Valley, Portugal.
Progressively subsumed by Roman culture following Augustus's Cantabrian Wars (29-19 BC), though castro-type hillfort settlement persisted locally into the early Roman imperial period.
Same general Iberian survey; places the northwestern hillfort culture in context alongside the eastern/southern Iberian and Celtiberian zones.