Confederation of Brittonic-speaking tribes north of the Forth-Clyde isthmus in what is now Scotland, who fought the Romans at the Battle of Mons Graupius (83/84 CE) under the chieftain Calgacus and were never conquered.
The name 'Caledonians' faded from Roman usage in favor of 'Picts' from c. 297 CE onward (the existing dataset's Picts record begins there); the underlying population and confederation structure continued rather than being conquered or destroyed.
Covers Roman campaigns against the Caledonians and the northern frontier zone that preceded the Pictish period.