The second apartheid-era Bantustan declared independent by South Africa, established as a homeland for Tswana-speaking peoples; a scattered patchwork of enclaves across the former Cape Province, Orange Free State, and Transvaal, nicknamed 'Jigsawland'.
Government collapsed after a March 1994 uprising and mutiny; reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, its territory split among the new Free State, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West provinces.
Contemporary monograph specifically on the Bophuthatswana homeland's geography and administration.