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Bohtan (Botan) Emirate

A Kurdish emirate of the upper Tigris (Jazira) centred on Cizre, the last great autonomous Kurdish principality, whose emir Bedir Khan Beg built a wide power base in the 1840s before Ottoman forces suppressed it in 1847 and ended his line in 1855.

Broken by the Ottoman Empire: Bedir Khan Beg was defeated and exiled in 1847, and the Botan emirate was extinguished under the Tanzimat by 1855, marking the end of Kurdish autonomous emirates.

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Further reading

• The Kurdish National Movement Wadie Jwaideh · 1960

  Detailed account of Bedir Khan Beg of Botan and the 1847 Ottoman campaign that ended Kurdish autonomy.

• Agha, Shaikh and State Martin van Bruinessen · 1978

  Treats Botan as the last great autonomous Kurdish emirate.

Sources

• Wikipedia, 'Bohtan' (Q894621), lead verified via MediaWiki API — Kurdish principality at Cizre, sanity-checked (not the river or region-only sense).
• Wikipedia, 'Hakkari dynasty' — corroborates Botan under Bedir Khan Beg as 'the last Kurdish Emirate' before Ottoman absorption.
• Wadie Jwaideh, 'The Kurdish National Movement' (1960) — existence and scope verified via the Open Library catalog (non-Wikipedia institutional source); title/subject matches the load-bearing dates. Full-text page-quote not extracted (lending-restricted / no open OCR).