A partially recognised secessionist state proclaimed by Igbo military governor Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu on 30 May 1967, encompassing the former Eastern Region of Nigeria; its declaration triggered the Nigerian Civil War (Biafran War).
Surrendered to Nigerian federal forces on 15 January 1970 under President Philip Effiong after nearly three years of war and a devastating blockade-induced famine; reabsorbed into Nigeria.
Contemporary war-correspondent account of Biafra's declaration, the civil war, and its collapse, written by a journalist who covered the conflict directly.