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Beja Polities

Eastern Desert pastoral confederations (descendants of the Blemmyes) controlling Red Sea gold and trade routes.

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Further reading

• The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Associate Research Scientist Geoff Emberling · 2002

  Covers post-Meroitic and medieval Nubia (Nobatia, Makuria, Alwa) and the Eastern Desert Blemmyes and Beja.

• The History of Islam in Africa Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels · 2000

  The Beja within the spread of Islam in northeast Africa (broad context).

Sources

• Beja people — Wikipedia
• Beja People — World History Edu / EBSCO Research Starters (via WebSearch 2026-06-26)