A short-lived multi-ethnic republic proclaimed from the balcony of Timişoara city hall on 1 November 1918, as Austria-Hungary collapsed. Led by the Social Democrat Otto Roth (with the local military commander Albert Bartha), it claimed the whole Banat — the German-, Hungarian-, Romanian- and Serb-populated region between the Mureş, the Tisza and the Danube — and was recognized only by the neighbouring Hungarian Republic.
Never internationally recognized. Serbian troops occupied the region in November 1918 (the Kingdom of Serbia becoming the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes that December), with Roth left as a nominal governor until the rump republic was dissolved on 20 February 1919. The Banat was then partitioned by the 1920 Treaty of Trianon — the larger eastern part to Romania, the west to Yugoslavia, and a small northern strip around Szeged to Hungary.
The standard scholarly account of the 1918-19 South-Slav settlement, covering the Banat/Vojvodina scramble and the region's partition among the successor states. (Open Library verified.)
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