Oasis farmers and caravan masters of the Salar de Atacama and the Loa, who fortified their adobe ayllus with hilltop pukarás.
Their fortress of Quitor fell to Francisco de Aguirre in 1540; ground between Spanish, then Bolivian, then Chilean rule, they lost the Kunza tongue by the 1900s but endure as a recognised people in San Pedro, Toconao and the Loa oases.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Atacameño (Lickanantay) — the shape you scrub through changes in 500 BC · 1540.
Covers the oasis caravan societies of the south-central Andes including the Atacameño of the Salar de Atacama and the Loa (broad regional context).
Background to the Bolivian-then-Chilean rule that absorbed the Lickanantay after the War of the Pacific.