Kayak-borne sea hunters of Kodiak Island, the outer Kenai and Prince William Sound, whose forced conscription as sea-otter hunters underwrote the Russian fur empire.
Shelikhov's 1784 Awa'uq massacre and Russian conscription cut the Koniag from ~13,000 to a fraction; survivors endure as the Sugpiaq of Kodiak and the Chugach of the Sound, with lands in the Koniag and Chugach corporations to 2026.
The atlas holds 4 border frames for Alutiiq / Sugpiaq — the shape you scrub through changes in 1500 BC · 1784 · 1867 · 1971.
An ethnohistory of the Alutiiq/Sugpiaq people of the Alaska Peninsula, tracing identity and community from the Russian era to the present.
Broad survey placing the Alutiiq within Gulf of Alaska Native cultures (broad).