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Upper Xingu peoples

1250 – present
Native nationSouth America

A plurilingual world of plaza villages — Carib Kuikuro, Arawak Wauja, Tupi Kamayurá and their kin — ringed by moats and causeways, trading pottery, salt and shell across one shared ceremonial culture.

Heir to pre-Columbian "garden cities" of perhaps 50,000, the survivors fused into a single multiethnic order; first reached in peace by von den Steinen in 1884, gutted to under a thousand by 20th-century epidemics, they found refuge from 1961 in the Xingu Indigenous Park.

Borders in 2026 · drawn from 2 sourced border frames
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Borders over time

The atlas holds 2 border frames for Upper Xingu peoples — the shape you scrub through changes in 1250 · 1885.

Further reading

Sources